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Goldcorp and Yamana Gold Inc. operating in Honduras. Also in Argentina, sharing half of the shareholding of Bajo de la Alumbrera (Catamarca), a major metal deposits in the world that operates in the open.


By Federico Pablo Basualdo and


Manzanelli *
Surely the decision of the government of Manuel Zelaya to raise wages, include women to compulsory social insurance, to fight the oil monopolies and the willingness to import generic drugs from Cuba, were reaping powerful enemies against him. However, the patience of the coup was definitely filled with the reform proposal mining law.

According to many environmentalists in the region, the story begins shortly after Hurricane Mitch in Honduras, where companies from Canada and the United States promised substantial investments in exchange for a "proper" mining law. In the late '90s (Decree 292/98), reforming the old law of 1968, ensuring huge profits for concessionaires and enabling the use of methods of extraction and exploitation banned in most countries. Among others, limited environmental control and ensured that the exploitation of mines was reserved exclusively private companies, concessions are declared to be irrevocable and enabled the condemnation. At the same time guaranteeing the fiscal stability and the observance of royalties and taxes far below global standards.

With the entry into force of the new rule is fired investments and concessions. So, today, 31 percent of Honduran territory is under concession for mining, while the gold market grew to the point that today is the fifth most important export of the country. In this context, Canadian companies, led by mining projects, became one of the major investors in Honduras.

a result of this growth sector, with the first experiences of open pit mining, has increased pollution complaints and claims by the "unequal distribution of benefits." The resonant cases of contamination have involved two major Canadian companies operating in the region. On the one hand, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Honduras fined the company Goldcorp Inc. (San Martín mine) for discharges of cyanide, which led, inter alia, the deactivation of the land and killing livestock. In addition, Yamana Gold was reported, in August 2007, 5700 liters of water spilled cyanide into the river Lara (San Andrés mine), an action that was interrupted by protests from villagers.

This process, in terms of negative environmental and economic interests of the nation, was discontinued in 2006 when the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional 13 articles of the Mining Act and suggested the drafting of new regulations serve the interests of the republic and the various groups in dispute (Canadian companies and environmental organizations and policies). After almost three years of debate, the May 24, 2009, President Zelaya had Congress a bill to regulate mining. Among the most important tax proposed update of the activity, the prohibition of the use of the method of open pit mining, the consideration of the views of local communities to define the delivery of new concessions and the prohibition of the use of chemical reagents such as cyanide, mercury and arsenic.

While the National Congress was set to begin the parliamentary debate on 16 August, on June 28, the Honduran Armed Forces took control of the government and closed the doors of the legislature. Meanwhile, President National Association of Honduras Metal Mining, which had described the bill as unreasonable and excessive, "he declared in the newspaper La Tribune that the" current political situation was irreversible "and that it presented" an opportunity to produce more and invest more ". Not what you think the huge amount of social and political references persecuted every day in Haiti. Unfortunately

both Goldcorp and Yamana Gold Inc. also operate in our country, sharing half of the shareholding of Bajo de la Alumbrera (Catamarca), a major metal deposits the world which operates in the open. Sharing practices deployed in Haiti have been the focus of many complaints by environmental pollution and damage to the health of people exposed to waste, so much so that the vice president of Minera Alumbrera is currently prosecuted by the federal Justice, accused of "pollution dangerous to health."

addition to consuming 90 percent of the electricity of Catamarca, Minera Alumbrera results in the generation of electromagnetic fields, increasing the risk of childhood leukemia. Even Andalgalá Hospital confirmed that respiratory disease of children se duplicaron durante los años de explotación de la mina. La preocupación de los catamarqueños se extiende por la inminente producción metalífera en Agua Rica, donde Yamana Gold detenta la totalidad accionaria de la concesión. Cabe resaltar que la exploración y explotación minera cuenta, actualmente, con significativas ventajas comparativas, producto (además de la dotación de recursos naturales del país) de un marco normativo sumamente atractivo para las empresas extranjeras, en detrimento del patrimonio nacional. Entre otras, la estabilidad fiscal, las exenciones impositivas por la importación de bienes de capital, el régimen de amortizaciones aceleradas y las insuficientes políticas arancelarias (Fees and royalties of 3 percent of face value of mine) allow unprecedented rates of return: net income of Minera Alumbrera was "only" 60 percent in 2007.

The serious economic and social consequences, and now also political, caused by the particular form of exploitation and powerful foreign interests that dominate the mining scenario in the region, and local-level elements are unavoidable to consider the dispute current funds from the distribution of benefits of Minera Alumbrera national universities of our country. Acceptance of the 86 million dollars, arising from activity by companies such as Goldcorp and Yamana Gold Inc., by national universities is not only a complacent attitude polluting practices and foreign ownership of national heritage but also sordid with the deployment of destabilizing policies in the region.

* Sociologists - UBA.

http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/suplementos/cash/17-3977-2009-08-02.html

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When in Education?

approaches to the phenomenon of violence against women is always a difficult task, both the complexity of the topic and the amount of prejudice that often surround and even obscure the issue.
live in a world of violence, and nobody can deny. We found all around us: in the street, families, in schools, in society in general, unfolding daily through behaviors, attitudes, and prejudices that invade us and make us victims sometimes, other aggressors, the most accomplices or witnesses. Who among us has not suffered "against themselves or others" an everyday experience of violence in the classroom or school?
Is it a lack of strategies for interpersonal relationships? Is it the result expected from a species that has a despotic and irresponsible in the world? Is it the result of living in dysfunctional families? Is it the result of a fast-paced lifestyle that we "promised" quick and easy success?
little bit of everything there.
Whatever the case, and this much we know teachers, violence becomes increasingly easy and immediate appeal that is used to impose criteria, values, ideas and wills, a daily instrument governing relations between people and that threatens their physical, mental, economic and sexual.
objectively What about the violence? (José Sanmartin, 2004)
1. That during adolescence is when displayed behaviors associated with antisocial behavior: 13 years on them and on the 14 for them, and usually disappear between 17 and 18 in them and 23 and 24 of them.
2. The highest rate of aggression and victimization is between 20 and 24.
3. The male is the higher risk factor both as regards the perpetrators and victims: 20% of genetic factors, plus 20% of evolutionary factors, plus 60% of environmental factors are to blame.
4. That these characteristics are met in all types of violence except one: GENDER VIOLENCE in all its forms (physical, sexual, psychological and economic) in which the perpetrator is the man and the victim: women.
And most curious of all, it is precisely this aspect of violence raises the most rejection.
The data is indisputable, tragic, immoral and unjust and a reality show in which women in a subordinate and subject to the male subject. He says the UN, WHO, the European Union, individual governments, and yet most people tend to not admit it openly deny it with arguments that as teachers we are, not admit our own students, "as I do not pass, then not pass. " It is true that this argument (which is universalized the particular) is very common, but we highlight two issues: first, that is incorrect and therefore invalid, and second, we do not do the same thing with other everyday phenomena that affect our emotions.
In fact, no one thinks that "as I am not poor, then there is poverty," or "as I have not a tumor, then there is no cancer, etc.., And yet everything referred to structural violence against women is, at least, minimized, and all measures taken to combat this kind of structural violence is criticized.
I know very well, have long been engaged with these issues: researching, writing books and articles, lecturing, teaching and organizing awareness training (police, health workers, teachers, students), creating intervention programs etc. No, not flash in the pan, or media opportunities: they are already about 17 years of dedication, with better or worse, to the knowledge of the structural violence against women and the fight to eradicate it.
And it is precisely the result of this dedication I have very clear what is the need to be integrally involved in schools through essential programs (not cross) for tutoring, curriculum and extracurricular activities that enable the recognition and modification the entire system of values \u200b\u200bthat subordinate women and become the victim of violence, although none that I know has suffered directly:
If you realize just introduce a new variable: the value system, and it is here where the key to everything. Violence against women can be eradicated only if we act in the field of prevention, and this is only possible if we can go beyond the personal stories of battered and batterers and focus on the cultural (and social interests partners) that make possible the structural violence against women.
We can not wait, because there exist no easy answers to the phenomenon of violence against women. Must be approached gradually and to end, from a multiplicity of knowledge: History, Biology, Language, Philosophy, Mathematics, Archaeology, Politics, Anthropology, etc., In order to build a proper context to understand it as a universal phenomenon, to recognize how it is presented to us and to intervene as people and teaching professionals in their eradication .
The establishment and monitoring of comprehensive programs to intervene in students is necessary. As we see year after year the subjective response that provides psychotherapy and judicial intervention are not sufficient, although necessary. Once and for all we must consider combat subordinackión contexts of women, who are, ultimately, which normalized any form of violence against it. But yes, if we do not do half, or as a pure showcase, but we aumirlo as a crucial task whose benefits, if achieved, will be available long term. Sorry for the Ministry and the Women's Institutes, but such actions can not be political gain.
I've been over the last year finalizing a comprehensive intervention progrm in the classroom, taking as its starting point a basic principle: the question of violence against women can be approached from many directions without imposing a "grief" to development of the activities in the IES. Without impeding the development of curriculum or tutoring, without loading more work to guardians or teachers and, moreover, without altering the daily rhythms of the centers.
My job in this regard is based on four principles:

First: It takes as its starting point the real situation of the education system: curriculum, mentoring, scheduling, timing, etc.
And so the mentoring program not only does not exceed seven hours, but also may be offered in less (or more), depending on the specific circumstances of students and teachers. In any case, give you different ways to address it, shorten it and / or expand. What
used to propose a program of 10 sessions, for instance, which also uses videos, which can extend the program two or three hours, go for the TV or computer, move it to the classroom, making connections, operating all perfectly, and so on., time consuming to be taken into account. Also, if the program matches on days with exams, recoveries, extracurricular activities, parties, etc., We can take time to add another three weeks or less, so that the ten sessions would last at least 16 weeks, since the tutoring of 4 º ESO are one hour per week.
If we look at a calendar, then we would that we will match holiday periods, so that practically the guidance of the ESO 4 º could only address this issue and little else.

Second Centra targets in the recognition and transformation of values \u200b\u200bthat cause domestic violence, pointing, therefore, the epicenter of the phenomenon of structural violence against women, and focuses on the causes and not effects .
For this reason the objectives and program content should not be an autobiographical character, or whatever it is, a conception of violence against women, as a psychological problem that affects the abused and abusers, because that is precisely the necessary condition for that is impossible to combat domestic violence as a universal phenomenon, or generate an appropriate structural understanding of the values \u200b\u200bthat produce violence and discrimination against women.
social skills depend on a context of interpretation in themselves have no value: thus, for example, take something to crawl is the idea of \u200b\u200bmarriage for the Yanomamo of the Brazilian rainforest. All we identify future violent relationships, but what is preventing it. Edit modes-of-being and feel (cause) is not the same as changing behavior (effects). Remember that learning and aprehendizaje not follow the same patterns.
We forget, moreover, the students and the students can recognize the sexist and violent attitudes. But complementary relationships continue to generate negative (dominance / submission) that subordinate women, because from the perspective of cultural values, the individual is transcended by the relationship: being a mother, being a wife, being a parent, be a husband, etc., And social functions attributed to each sex.
is useless, therefore, a program that does not affect the system of relations, but still considered abuse from a reductionist perspective of self and their behaviors.
Does this mean that does not take into account the students' daily experience?
Of course not.

Third: The methodology consists in taking as its starting point the daily experience of students to connect with the system of cultural values \u200b\u200bthat make this possible, so that the students recognize these values \u200b\u200bin themselves and in others, thus contributing decisively to modify, understand the impulse, biologically and socially induced, they have to do with loving relationships and family, and report citations violence against women that occur around them.
If we want to prevent domestic violence we must act on the causes, and how they relate to the ways of being and feeling gender relations within a society and a culture, then we create strategies that go models for the generation of cultural intervention, which is just another innovation that brings viewers (fourth).
But the novelty goes further, because far from being a dichotomous program which places students with a clear choice: Choose a type of non-sexist gender relations or other structure that perpetuates negative complementarity between the masculine ( domain) and female (subordination), hoping that students choose the first option, takes no reservations, but this is the option taken rationally, emotionally opt for the latter.
As they say Reyna and Farley (2007) the dichotomous decision model are based on theories on decision-making called "behavioral decision structures" or "theory of reasoned update" and are based on the assumption that teenagers are going to put in a fair balance risks and benefits and then obey wing behavior rational decision.
But obviate a very important fact: teenagers' brains tend to give more weight to the benefits and least damage, so they are drawn more by their emotions rather than reason. We can not deny that the chemical effects of being in love is more powerful than any rational principle to try to warn of the dire biological consequences (jealousy, depression, etc) you can drag and sociocultural. (subordination of women through its reduction to the roles of mother and wife).
brain areas that later develop (mature) are those associated with brain functions that involve activities such as planning, reasoning and impulse control (not until the early adult). U.S. Researchers
Univ of S. California Francisco, Univ of Illinois at Chicago, the National Institute of Health Mint, set the option to help adolescents to think more like adults, more intuitive.
Although it seems contrary to Piaget creator of the psychology of development: Children are intuitive and analytical develop into adults, I believe that rather than an opposition would be a syncretism, because although adults develop an analytical brain, it is true that effective elective, as in anthropology habits can not be continuously reconsidering and deciding, for what they create, through the values, immediate response systems. And that's what I tried to do with my program.
- No weigh risks and benefits, but to reduce benefits and other benefits compared to alternatives. Not so much how bad are these relations but what kind of relationships are better.
- As Aristotle says, young people lack experience, that means you have difficulty understanding the idea of \u200b\u200b"harmful consequences" ... We must focus on the consequences, critics of the topics that promote relationships of risk and help them to reach appropriate conclusions. This makes these decisions more lasting fix.
- Ideally, the context: family rules, media, education, conceptual content and activities by students, to strengthen this model constructed by the student.
- Furthermore, given the need to monitor and review its system of relationships and behaviors, we should involve parents.
- also must be helped to engage them them through the fight against violence on women.
Fifth: It takes into account the reality of teachers and their interests, motivation and training.
So, is designed so it can be delivered by external monitors or by the teacher who exercises guardianship.
As tutoring can fall on anyone and training is varied, the teacher's manual offers comprehensive information covering many different disciplines forming a contextual framework that explains diachronically and synchronically, the biological, social and cultural factors that underlie violence Structural against women.

Now I'll try that one institution wants to become care of him.
Well, to be honest, the Department of Health Murcia City Council wants to offer it from their prevention programs for youth and is now three months working on the final design (it is almost finished), but as you can imagine, it now appears that it is not clear that there may be money to develop the program because of the crisis, they say.
The Ministry of Education and the Institute for Women of Murcia, neither are nor are they expected ... So we'll see ...
have to keep trying and see if I can convince the authorities that there are issues that should be beyond political and personal interests.

A greeting.

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Mario: When words are mourning

Petcoff

Emilio was, at the same time, a journalist and scholar. In a profession where we are all experts in general and form a vast ocean of ten inches deep, it was Emilio exotic and wonderful. Do not remember much, but it was one of the great Argentine journalists of all time. Once back on almost everything, Clarín wrote in police reports of the day. Out in the afternoon, police prowled, gangsters, bushings and prostitutes, and then typed in his dark stories that flashed Olivetti genius. One of these chronic losses (I quote from memory) began more or less like this: "Juan Gomez came yesterday to break the old axiom that a man can not be in two places at once. His head was found on the sidewalk, his body in across the street. "

Petcoff seemed to have read the entire library universal and spoke different languages, but preferred the tin to the academy and long nights of whiskey and cafes philosophical quotes from fourth to any party of vanities at the headquarters of an advertising company or a cocktail canapés of Chancery. I met him at his home in barracks, and while we ate a Milanese served with wine and soda gave me many lessons of literature and survival. He told me at that time, he had worked with the best Argentine writer of the twentieth century, a man unknown and illiterate paradoxically getting any information, however difficult it was. Petcoff journalism was an art major, and was not concerned nor immortality your name or the amount from your bank account. He was a bohemian lucid and necessary, and the editor of the newspaper where I worked had to make a collection to buy a new overcoat, because the former was fifteen years old and had become a collection of rags. "For how much ancient history," Emily would say if I hear: he died on May 7, 1994. This ancient history comes to mind in this new Journalist Day to remember what we once were.

Petcoff was one of the last representatives of a generation of journalists that were not intended to be unforgettable rich and not even dreamed of the signature or the fame. Only wanted to stop the pot and make this business of art cursed. Coveted, at most, to link a business trip from time to time and, of course, write that novel you would not write ever. Knew nothing about marketing or the management, never signed an autograph or wants a house with swimming pool. Knew neither of view advertisers and sometimes fell into the sin of fantasy. They were not perfect, not all days were better. But those writers were journalists, they had guts and talent, and humility of those who know do not know. It is paradoxical: they knew much more than us, but not intended to say all, as we do with irregular luck. Those boys before they read all the views were prohibited, modesty and prudence. Some guys now, they know perfect English but have trouble with basic Castilian, are "todólogos" enthusiasts, media heroes, saviors of the country, rich and famous, and preachers of all kinds. That is, preachers of nowhere.

Those stubborn goldsmiths of the pen were very street and were nomadic by vocation. The young guard, however, is not sedentary but nomadic. It will not look for information, waiting to adorn.

The concern was that he had read Sartre and Camus. Today happens to have a radio or appear on cable to raise publicity. Previously sought informants and hidden roles. Today is seeking "theme and target." Before being killed by a fact, today is killed by a warning.

Those seemed wounded existential lunatic blend of irresponsible artists and public servants, and, like many poets outdated, derived wistfully toward alcohol. These are vulnerable and prone to praise the lobby, playing golf, living in country and appear browned and pasteurized in the windows of the celebrities.

Now for the warning rigor: the profession had before and now has the same number of bastards and mediocre. Many journalists were mythomaniacs then incurable, and now many journalists worry about being noble, rigorous, and to look after the noun and the verb, despite the huge gap of time. But do these caveats, modesty and how much knowledge and much self-criticism we have to cross yet. And how cruel to do so under the rule of abuse, when politicians buy means to manipulate journalists, officials handle advertising to muzzle critics and even the president of the National Public slapping shakes us from the stands.

But

Politeness does not so brave. Journalism is necessary for democracy, and journalists should be defended, but also must constantly review their sins with the simple purpose of amendment, to learn and not to make them again. Assuming that perhaps, at the end of all, the worst sin is not, as Borges said, the misery, but mediocrity.

On Friday 13 April, a journalist of my generation and my daily worship and modest man, a veteran chronicler of a hundred battles you never sought fame, suddenly obtained by the simple method of taking a dip. Mariano Wullich appeared that day in a cover photo of the La Nacion daily: personal curiosity and nothing else was on board the Irizar, and after taking a shower, on the evening of Tuesday 10, found smoke in the cabin. Shortly afterwards he was wearing a lifejacket and was on deck, ready to leave the icebreaker, which was burning in the middle of the ocean. Wullich down a ladder and jumped to address the raft, but suddenly a wave snatched it away and fell into the sea. It was an instant and endless ice cream: Mariano was several feet under the cold water in the middle of the dark and sharks, to 140 nautical miles from the coast and next to a ship that threatened to explode. The first lifeboat and two NCOs then saved him the skin. But six hours was wet, with the anguish of the wreck, terror of the risen and gloomy thoughts until rescued by a fishing group.

The trip home was slow and painful, and when touched Ezeiza, our big boss news, urgently asked to write first-person chronicle. Mariano came to his apartment, cried for a while, bathed, took a drink, got dressed quickly and without further ado came to the newsroom. Here was suddenly in a suit and tie, writing his column with the same professionalism as always. When they saw I had a chill. I went to hug him: he pulse and trembling voice. He was still scared to death, he was physically and mentally exhausted, I could have passed the information to anyone from his bed, but here I was suddenly fulfilling his old job with skill and courage, with his blue shirt and knotted tie with dignity of those journalists who were. The Phantom of Emilio Petcoff dictated paragraphs adjectives and bright. It was so important at the time, Mariano was saving us all. Vacuum was saving us.

Published by Jorge Fernández Díaz Editors of the NATION

http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=915149

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